Machine for manufacturing nuts.



C. S. LANMAN & W. N. ESCHLEMAN.

E. ESCHLEMAN. ADMINISTRATRlX 0F w. N. ESCHLEMAN, own I MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25. um. Patent d J me 6 191 6 SHEETS-SHEET l.

noento'nl mxw a New,

. C. S. LANMAN & W. N. ESCHLEMAN. E. ESCHLEMAN, mmmmnmx or w. N. ESCHLEMAN. DECD. MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS. 1,185 805 APPLICATION men MAR. 25, 1912. P t t d J 6 1916 6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. S. LANIVIAN & W. N. ESCHLEIVIAN.

E. ESCHLEMAN, ADMINlSTRATRIX 0? y. N. ESCHLEMAN, pzc'n.

- MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS. 1 185 8Q5 APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25, 1912. PiltQIlTGd June 6,1916.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4 so. 6 Z flgvwamtozd witnesses %WfiW' 26 C. S. LANMAN & W. N; ESCHLEMAN.

E. ESCHLEMAN, ADMINISTRATRIX or W.N. ESCHLEMAN, DECD.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS. 1 APPLICATION man MAR. 25, 1912. Patented June 6, 1916 6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

C- S. LANMAN & W. N. ESCHLEMAN.

E. ESCHLEMAN, ADMINISTRATRIX or w. N.IESCHLEMAN, nec'n.

MACHIJNE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25| 91 2- i 1 1 85,805 v Patented J une 6, 1916.

7/ B 2 e5. 74 e1.

\\\\\\V m L CHARLES S. LANMAN AND WILLIAM N ESCHLEMAN, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO; ELLEN ESCHLEMAN ADMINISTRATRIX 0F SAID WILLIAM N. ESCHLEMAN, DECEASED.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING- NUTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 6, 1916.

Application filed. March 25, 1912. Serial No. 686,148.

provements in Machines for Manufacturing Nuts, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to a machine for manufacturing nuts and is particularly designed to provide a machine for forming nuts, especially nuts of a hexagonal type, in a manner calculated to produce the least possible distortion of the nut blank in the forming, while at the same time saving a comparatively large, percentage of the scrap? which has hitherto been impractical, although attempted in various ways.

Our invention therefore resides in the provision of a machine for forming nut blanks by a swaging forming action and renders such swaging formingaction feasible without crowding the material in the nut blank or bulk material by the provision of means rendering possible the definite calculation of the amount of stress exerted in forming the nut blank so that it will not be crowded and at the same time positively restraining both the nut blank and the bulk material from any tilting or twisting action. I

In the concrete form of our invention as embodied in the drawing forming a part of this application, we utilize forming cutters which approach each other in their operation upon the work in convergent paths of travel away from the nut blank. In this convergent approach they tend, if anything, to withdraw thenut blank from the permanent gage desirably utilized in connection therewith and are, in fact, sodirected and formed as to effect the forming action of adjacent sides of the nut blank against a restraint furthered and assisted by a restraint of the nut blank and bulk material against any movement other than may be necessary to prevent crowding;

Therefore, by way of specific reiteration, the machine shown in the accompanying drawings for effecting the formation of nuts in the manner described by. us, comprises angularly approaching cutters, whose points are at all times in alinement and which serve to carry the nut blank away from a posi:

tive gage just sufficient to prevent crowding and no more. In addition, there are provided means for clamping both the bulk material and the nut blank during the cutting operation, so as to prevent tilting or twisting of either article and to thereby obviate irregularities of formation. Our invention is particularly applicable ,to the formation of hot pressed nut blanks, but may be suitable for the formation of nut blanks of a different nature. 7

Various other important features ofour invention will be developed in the course of the succeeding specification and description of the preferred embodiment of our invention which is shown in the accompanying drawings.

In the form shown in the accompanying drawings, similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts and, therein:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a machine for forming nut blanks having our improvement embodied therein, Fig. 2 is a lon gitudinal section of our machine showing the bed and piercing structure of the machine in elevation and the cutter structure in section and detail, Fig, 3 is an enlarged view of the cutter structure shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is an elevation of the cutter structure shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 5 is a face view of the cutter structure in substantiallycomplete form and'shown removed from the base. Fig. 6 is a detail of one form of blank retaining means which may be used in our machine, Fig. 7 is a modified form of this blank retaining means, Fig. 8 is a side elevation of either form of blank retaining means shown in Figs. 6 and 7, Fig. 9 is a 4 face view on a reduced scale of our housing for the cutter members, Fig. 10 is a detail view on a reduced scale of the yoke member which carries the lower cutting tool and which is to. be operatively mounted in the housing shown in Fig. 9, Fig. 11 is a detail on a reduced scale ofthe upper t00l.carrying member which is operable within the yoke shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 12 is-a sectional view taken on line 1212'of Fig. 3, and, Fig. 13 is a sectional view taken on line. 1313 of Fig. 3. Figs. 14 to 18 illustrate in progressive stages the various positions of the cutter elements with respect to the stock bar and gage in forming a complete blank. I

In the drawings, the framework of our machine is shown at 1 and mounted therein is a driving shaft 2 supported partially by a bearing 3 and carrying pulleys 4 and a fly wheel 5. The inner end of this shaft carries a pinion 6 which meshes with gears 6 and 8. The gear 6 meshes with gear 7 and gear 8 meshes with a third gear 9 upon a cam shaft 10 having a series of cam elements thereon which are designed to control and operate the essential parts of our machine .in a manner to be hereinafter described.

In connection with the essential parts of our mechanism for initially forming nut blanks of hexagonal form, we shall omit all reference to the structure of those elements which are known as the piercing elements and which are designed to complete the formation of the nut blank by a piercing thereof, in a manner well understood. In the showing in the drawings, however, it is necessary to show a small portion of this piercing mechanism as, for instance, such as shown in Fig. 2, where the nut blank is shown clamped between two forming tools B within which the piercer rods operate 1n the manner described in our companion application, Serial Number 692,453, filed April Referring to Fig. 5, wherein the framework of the machine is designated generally as 1, it will be seen that there is a guide shelf 11 upon which the heated bar is designed to rest and be supported during the successive forcing of the same forwardly by the operator and this bar is limited in its inward movement by the provision of a stationary gage element 12 which may vary in form in adaptation to our invention. These variations of form will be referred to later the specification, it being. only necessary to understand that the heated bar is supmesses ber 17having a cam receiving pocket .18 and;

integral slide block formations 19 and 20 which" fit within a channel-way of anelc': ment, to be shortlydescribed. The pocket ment 13 is a wedge fastening block 22 held in place by bolts 23 and designed to force the swaging element 13 against the opposite longitudinal wall of the pocket 16. This serves to steady the tool against, lateral stresses. This tool carrying member 17 is slidably mounted within a yoke 24 (shown in Fig. 10) which is provided at its base with a tool receiving pocket 25 of similar form to the pocket 16 and having the tool 14 mounted therein and adjustable by means of the bolt '26. The tool is braced against lateral stress by a wedge element 27 having securing bolts 28 and operating against an inclined sidewall 29. The member 24 is further provided with a cut-away portion 30 and with multiple cam receiving pockets 31 and 32 on either side of a cut-away portion 33 withinwhich fits the cam pocket forming structure 18 of the member 17. It will be understood at this point that the member 17 fits within the yoke member 24 with the pocket forming member 18 extending into the space 33. The pocket structure 16 in the member 17 carries what may be termed the upper tool, while the pocket structure 25 in the member 24 carries the lower tool and these tools are adapted to move toward each other in their operation of 'swaging the blank from the bar. Referring to Fig. 5 and remembering that the member 17 is slidably mounted within the yrke member 24,.it will be apparent that the member 17 which is the inner member, has its cam receiving pocket 18 in embracing relation to a cam 34 upon the cam shaft 10, while the cam receiving pockets 31 and 32 of the yoke member 24 respectively embrace cams 35 and 36. These cams are of, considerable width, for a purpose to be shortly described and are also designed to force the inner member 17 downwardly synchronously with the upward lifting of the outer yoke member 24 and likewise to synchronously move the said members in opposite directions. It will thus be seen that the tools are positively brought together by the relative reciprocation of their supporting 'members and are likewise moved apart by such relative reciprocation. So far, we have described the tools as moving in a direction perpendicular to the bar'of meta-l being operated upon. The swaging tools are caused to move at an angle to this perpendicular path of travel as is illustrated by the-arrow in Fig. 17 by the provision of an inclined rib 37 upon the rear of the supporting memvber 24, such inclined rib being efi'ective by W cotiperation with the structure of supportthe framework designated generally as 1 and comprises bearings 39 and. 40 with an intermediate concave portion 41. f The plate further preferably has a die housing of suitable form as at '42; but the essential pork tion of the plate is an inclined groove 43-44 having one Wall formed by adjust able wedge elements 45 and 46. This groove. 4344 is designed to receive and form. a

guideway for the rib 37, it being very feasible to regulate the closeness of'thefit of the said rib within the groove 4344 by regu lation of the position of the wedge members 4546. that, while the members 17 and 24 reciproporting member 24 to move upwardly and 17 with it; and it must be kept in mind that during this movement at an angle of both the supporting members 17 and 14 carrying their tools, such tools are relatively reciprocated by the action of the cam thereon and such relative reciprocation maintains the points of such tools in vertical alinement at all times as is shown diagrammatically in Figs. 14 to 18 inclusive. The angular movement of the supporting members 17 and 24 is rendered possible by the unusual width of the cams, as mentioned-in the last para graph.

Theo eration as thus far described, will plainly nisure a biting of the swaging elements into the bar and a continued movement therethrough at an angle to produce a shearing out, while at the same time maintaining the opposing points of the tool in vertical alinement and swaging a comparatively small portion of the excess material into the nut blank as will appear particularly from an'inspection of Figs. 16 and 17 and a comparatively large portion into the bar. As explained, the shearing action is away from the side of the nut blank being directly formed and the swaging effect upon the nut blank is less than would be produced by a severance thereof from the bar by a swaging action only. In conjunction with our improved apparatus for producing this shearing action, we fin'dit extremely desirable to provide both a means for clamping the nut blank against tilting or twisting and a means for clamping the bar against tilting or twisting. The first of these means, namely, the means for clamping the nut blank against twisting, is shown in two forms by Figs. 6, 7 and 8. In Fig. 6 there It will be understood from this is shown a stop and holding member for the approaching cutters. It will be apparent by reference to Fig. 8 that this pocket formation is continued rearwardly through the dies as at 50. The'form of holding members is somewhat" varied 'in the structure shown in Fig.7 and in this structure the die members are shown at 47 and are provided witha stop member preferably of an integral form as at .51. This stop member is formed to coincide with tWosides of the hexagonal blank and is cut away as at 52 to permit the access to the blank of clamping members 53 and 54; By reference to Fig. 5, cate relatively, the member 24 at the same itime reciprocates with relation to the 'sup1-F 'porting' late 38 and the fitting of the rib 3,7, within t e groove 4344 causes the sup-Y it will be seen that these clamping members 53 and 54 are carried by elements 55 and 56 zwhich are slidably adjustable by means of bolts 57 and 58 upon formations 59 and 60 v which are respectively under the control of downwardly at an angle. The movement of". the member 24 upwardly and downwardly at'an angle, necessarily carries the member ing and cutting action and thereby assist the. shearing action of the cutters in preventing a. pulling down of the corners of the 'nut blank. The various clamping stages are also shown in Figs. 14 to 18 inclusive.

The bar which is beingoperated upon and from which the nut'blank is being formed, is desirably clamped against a twisting action by a positive clamping element having an adjustable foot 66 adjustable by. means of bolts 67 and 68 and operable under the control of a cam 69 fitting within a cam receiving pocket 7 0' of said element 65. Un-

der normal conditions, the clamping member 65 is desirably operative for substantially Q; of the entire operation of'forming' the nut and only during the period of freedom from this clamping action may the operator forcethe bar inwardly to place it in positionfor the formation of a new nut blank. The clamp issubstantially positive in its action to maintain the bar against 123 twisting ortilting, but is not sufficient to prevent a slight longitudinal rearward movement of the bar. .This longitudinal movement is desirable to render the shearing action of the swaging elements more readily effective. It will be seen from the description of this clamping element, that it serves not only as a clamp for preventing tilting or twisting of the bar and thereby preventing distortion of the end of the bar; bu

it serves as a timer whereby the operator of the machine is absolutely precluded from forcing the bar .into the machine at an inopportune moment.

It avill be noted by reference to Figs. 1, 3, 4.- and J 5 that each element which is reciprocable by the operation of cams upon the cam shaft 10 is assured of return to normal position by a spring element and these spring elements are designated by the same numerals with subordinating letters, as 17, 24, 61*, 62*, and 65 and the direction of operation of these springs is shown by the small arrows in the figures.

It will also be noted by reference particularly to Fig. 5, that we have provided dislodging means for the finished nut blank and the slug after the blank has been operated upon by the piercer structure shown, but not described, and not forming a portion of this application. It will be sulficient to mention that the center of the nut blank is displaced by a piercer structure producing a slug which sometimes adheres to one of the piercers. The finished nut blank is also ejected from the die shown in Figs. 6 and 7 and both the blank and slug are positively dislodged by the dislodging fingers 71 and 72 forming a portion of the member 73 carried at the lower end of the yoke member 74. This yoke member is provided with a pocket 75 similar to those carried by the yokes previously described and operates in conjunction with a cam 76 to give the desired motion. As is the case with the remaining yokes, this. yoke member 71': is also provided with a spring 74* which acts in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 5 and which insures a return of the yoke to non-disen aging position.

What we claim, is-- l. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for separating the blank from the bulk metal by a swaging action, a gage for initially positioning the body metal and against which the blank rests, and means for obviating crowding of the'bulk metal into the blank during the swaging action.

2. Av machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for separating the blank from the bulk metal by a swaging action, means for maintaining the blank stationary during such action, and means for obviating crowding of .the bulk metal into the blank during such action.

3. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for separating the blank from the bulk metal by a swaging action, means for maintaining'the blank immovable longitudinally of the bulk metal-during such action, and means for obviating crowding-of the bulk metal into the blank during such action.

4. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for separating the blank from the bulk metal by a' swaging action, a stationary gage for initially positioning the bulk metal, and means for obviating crowding of the bulk metal into the blank during the swaging action.

5. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for separating the blank from the bulk metal by a swaging action, and means for holding said bulk metal against twisting, said means permitting longitudinal movement of the bulk metal.

6. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for separating the blank from the bulk metal by a swaging action, and a clamping element intermittently effective to grip the bulk metal to hold the same against tilting, said clamping element being also effective to permit a longitudinal movement of the bulk metal.

7. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for separating the blank from the bulk metal by a swaging action, a clamping element for the blank, and a clamping element for the bulk metal. said clamping elements being intermittently effective to hold the blank and bulk metal respectively against tilting.

8. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, means for causing said elements to move toward each other in angular paths, and means for holding the bulk metal as it is fed into said machine against tilting, said means permitting a longitudinal movement of said bulk metal.

9. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising swaging elements and means for causing movement of said swaging elements in angular paths during their swaging actions.

10. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements movable toward each other in a manner to swage the blanks from bulk metal, and means for moving said elements in angular pathsWith their points still alining.

11. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, means for moving said elements toward each other to swage the blank from the bulk metal, and means for guiding said elements in angular paths of alining approach.

12. A machine for forming nut blanks com risin a air of swa 'n elements a support for each swaging element, and means for simultaneously reciprocating said supports in angular paths to move said elements toward each other.

v 13. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, a support for each swaging element, means for simultaneously reciprocating said supmesses w ports to move saidelements toward each other, and means for causing said elements to have angular approach toward each other.

14. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, a support for each swaging element, means for simultaneously reciprocating said supports to move said elements toward each other, and guide ribs and grooves for caus ing said swagin elements to approach each other at an ang e.

15. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, a support for each swaging element, means for simultaneously reciprocating said supports to move said elements toward each other, guide ribs and grooves for causing said swaging elements to ap roach each other at an angle, and means or adjusting the fit of said ribs and grooves.

16. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, a

. support for each element, said elements supported one. upon the other, means for relaported one upon the other, means for relatively reciprocatingsaid supports to cause said elements to approach and recede from each other, and means for causing said supports to move at an angle.

17. A machine for formingnnut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, a

support for each element, said elements sup-.

ported one upon the other, means for 'relatively reciprocating said supports to cause said elements to approach and recede from each other, a rib on one of said supporting elements of angular inclination, said rib working in a groove upon the .machine framework to gu de said supports angularly during approach'of said swaging elements.

18. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging' elements, a support for each element, said elements 'supported one upon the other, means for relatively reciprocating said supports to cause said elements to approach and recede from each other, a rib on one of said supporting elements of angulan'inclination, said rib working in a oove upon the machine framework to guide said supports angularly during approach of said swaging elements, and means for regulating the fit of said rib and groove.

19; A -machine for forming nut blanks comprising a pair of swaging elements, a support for each element, said elements supworking in a groove upon the machine framework to guide said supports angularly during approach of said swaging elements, means for regulating the fit of said rib and groove, and wedge elements forming one Wall of said groove. 20. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for segregating the blanks from bulk stock, and means indeendent of each other for clamping the lank and stock.

21. A mach'nefor forming nut blanks com rising means for segregating the blan s from bulk stock, and intermittently operable for clamping the blank and stock.

22. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising means for segregating the blank from bulk stock,--and means for intermittently clamping the stock.

23. A machine for forming nut blanks comprising'means for segregating and forming the blank from bul stock, and clamping means for said stock, said clamping means being automatically rendered ineffective at the end of each segregating and forming operation. 24. A machin comprisin means for cutting said blanks from stoc by an angular cutting action, and means for loosely clamping said stock during said cutting action.

25. A machine for forming nut blanks comprisin means for cutting. said blanks from stoc by an angular cutting-action, and means for clamping said blanks and stock during the cuttln action.

- 26. A machine for orming .nut' blanks comprising 'a pair of swagmg elements movable toward each other, a gage for initially positioning the "body metal and against which the blank is adapted to rest, and means for moving said elements toward each other in a manner to hold the blank metalimmovable longitudinally and. to

the blank during the swaging action.

for forming at banks In testimony whereof we aflix our signafl presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES S. LAWN. WILLIAM N. ESCHLEMAN. Witnesses:

' WALTER E. L. Boon,

EDWIN P. Connnrr.

tures in 

